Ortho and Para hydrogen

Ortho hydrogen:

 Ortho hydrogen molecules are those in which the spins of both the nuclei are in the same direction.

Para hydrogen: 

Molecules of hydrogen in which the spins of both the nuclei are in the opposite direction are called para hydrogen.

Figure 1: Ortho and para hydrogen


The amount of ortho and para hydrogen varies with temperature as:

  • At 0°K, hydrogen contains mainly para hydrogen which is more stable.
  • At the temperature of liquefaction of air, the ratio of ortho and para hydrogen is 1 : 1.
  • At the room temperature, the ratio of ortho to para hydrogen is 3 : 1.
  • Even at very high temperatures, the ratio of ortho to para hydrogen can never be more than 3 : 1.


SOURCE BOOK AND GOOGLE

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